A globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth (terrestrial globe) or other spheroid celestial body such as a planet, star, or moon. It may also refer to a spherical representation of the celestial sphere, showing the apparent positions of the stars and constellations in the sky (celestial globe). The word "globe" comes from the Latin word ''globus'', meaning round mass or sphere.

Celestial

Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky. They omit the Sun, Moon and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the ecliptic, along which the Sun moves, is indicated.

A potential issue arises regarding the "handedness" of celestial globes. If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary celestial sphere, then the star field will appear back-to-front on the surface of the globe (all the constellations will appear as their mirror images). This is because the view from Earth, positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere, is of the ''inside'' of the celestial sphere, whereas the celestial globe is viewed from the ''outside''. For this reason, celestial globes may be produced in mirror image, so that at least the constellations appear the "right way round". Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe transparent. The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed ''through'' the globe, so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere, as it is from Earth.

History

The sphericity of the Earth was established by Hellenistic astronomy in the 3rd century BC, and the earliest terrestrial globe appeared from that period. The earliest known example is the one constructed by Crates of Mallus in Cilicia (now Çukurova in modern-day Turkey), in the mid-2nd century BC.

No terrestrial globes from Antiquity or the Middle Ages have survived. An example of a surviving celestial globe is part of a Hellenistic sculpture, called the Farnese Atlas, surviving in a 2nd century AD Roman copy in the Naples Museum, Italy.

Early terrestrial globes depicting the entirety of the Old World were constructed in the Islamic world. According to David Woodward, one such example was the terrestrial globe introduced to Beijing by the Persian astronomer, Jamal ad-Din, in 1267.

The oldest surviving terrestrial globe is the Erdapfel, created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1492. A facsimile globe showing America was made by Martin Waldseemueller in 1507. Another early globe, the Hunt-Lenox Globe, ca. 1507, is thought to be the source of the phrase "Here be dragons". Another "remarkably modern-looking" terrestrial globe of the Earth was constructed by Taqi al-Din at the Istanbul observatory of Taqi al-Din during the 1570s.

An unusually high proportion of vintage 20th century world globes feature the Australian town of Birdum, which no longer exists but once held an important position at the end of the Northern Australian Railway.

''Globus'' IMP electro-mechanical devices including five-inch globes have been used in Soviet and Russian spacecraft from 1961 to 2002 as navigation instruments. In 2001, the TMA version of the Soyuz spacecraft replaced this instrument with a virtual globe.

Manufacture

Traditionally, globes were manufactured by gluing a printed paper map onto a sphere, often made from wood.

The most common type has long, thin gores (strips) of paper that narrow to a point at the poles, small disks cover over the inevitable irregularities at these points. The more gores there are, the less stretching and crumpling is required to make the paper map fit the sphere. From a geometric point of view, all points on a sphere are equivalent – one could select any arbitrary point on the Earth, and create a paper map that covers the Earth with strips that come together at that point and the antipodal point.

Modern globes are often made from thermoplastic. Flat, plastic disks are printed with a distorted map of one of the Earth's Hemispheres. This is placed in machine which molds the disk into a hemispherical shape. The hemisphere is united with its opposite counterpart to form a complete globe.

A globe is usually mounted at a 23.5° angle on a meridian. In addition to making it easy to use this mounting also represents the angle of the planet in relation to its sun and the spin of the planet. This makes it easy to visualize how days and seasons change.

Notable examples

The Unisphere in Queens, New York, at 120 feet (36.6 m) in diameter, is the world's largest global structure.

Eartha, currently the world's largest rotating globe ( in diameter), at the Delorme headquarters in Yarmouth, Maine The Mapparium, three-story, stained glass globe at the Mary Baker Eddy Library in Boston, which visitors walk through via a glass bridge. The Babson globe in Wellesley, Massachusetts, a globe which originally rotated on its axis and on its base to simulate day and night and the seasons

The giant globe in the lobby of The News Building in New York City.

The Hitler Globe, also known as the Führer globe, was formally named the Columbus Globe for State and Industry Leaders. Two editions existed during Hitler's lifetime, created during the mid-1930s on his orders. (The second edition changed the name of Abyssinia to Italian East Africa). These globes were "enormous" and very costly. According to the New York Times, "the real Columbus globe was nearly the size of a Volkswagen and, at the time, more expensive." Several still exist, including three in Berlin: one at a geographical institute, one at the Märkisches Museum, and another at the Deutsches Historisches Museum. The latter has a Soviet bullet hole through Germany. One of the two in public collections in Munich has an American bullet hole through Germany. There are several in private hands inside and out of Germany. A much smaller version of Hitler's globe was mocked by Charlie Chaplin in ''The Great Dictator'', a film released in 1940.

Gallery

Image:Interactive-Globus.jpg|Multitouch spherical Globe with digital EARTH based on multitouch software

See also

Armillary sphere

Cartography

Dymaxion map

Emery Molyneux

Google Earth

NASA World Wind

Johannes Schöner globe

Virtual globe

Voskhod Spacecraft "Globus" IMP navigation instrument

References

External links

ppmglobe - generate strips to glue onto a sphere

3D VRML globe

3D Java Globe with coastlines, parallels, meridians, etc.

How to orient a globe in homothetic position to the Earth

Category:Map types

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Name	Bridget Sloan
Fullname	Bridget Elizabeth Sloan
Country
Birth date	June 23, 1992
Birth place	Cincinnati, Ohio
Hometown	Pittsboro, Indiana
Height	1.50m (4'11")
Weight	47kg (104lbs)
Discipline	WAG
Level	Elite
Club	Sharp's Gymnastics Academy
Collegeteam	Florida Gators
Headcoach	Marvin Sharp
Show-medals	yes
Medaltemplates	}}

}}

Bridget Elizabeth Sloan (born June 23, 1992) is an American gymnast. She is the 2009 All-Around World Champion and the 2009 All-Around U.S. National Champion. Sloan was a member of the silver medal U.S. women's gymnastics team at the 2008 Olympics.

Early life and career

Bridget Sloan was born on June 23, 1992, in Cincinnati, Ohio. She began gymnastics in 1996 when she was 4. She currently lives in Pittsboro, Indiana, and graduated from Tri-West Hendricks High School.

2007

In her first year as a senior, 2007, Sloan placed 5th all-around and 3rd on Bars at the U.S. National Championships. She served as the alternate on the American team for the 2007 World Championships. Sloan also represented the United States at the Good Luck Beijing Olympic test event in December 2007, where she won the bronze medal in the all-around and a silver on floor exercise.

2008

In March 2008, Sloan suffered a torn meniscus while warming up at a meet in Italy. She was forced to sit out the competition and returned home for surgery and rehabilitation, but recovered in time to compete at the 2008 U.S. National Championships, where she competed only on beam, bars and floor; and the U.S. Olympic Trials. Sloan was named to the U.S. team after the final selection camp in Houston in July 2008.

At the 2008 Olympics, Sloan competed in both the qualifying and team final rounds of competition. Her contributions to the team became critical in the qualifying round, where the Americans were forced to put up only four athletes on three events, and count all four scores, due to injuries to Chellsie Memmel and Samantha Peszek. Sloan made small errors on floor and uneven bars but performed well under pressure. Her all-around scores placed her 11th overall among all competitors. In the team finals, Sloan competed on vault, contributing a 15.200 score to the American team's silver medal win.

2009

In February 2009, Sloan competed in the Tyson American Cup and placed second to 13-year-old Jordyn Wieber. In August, Sloan competed in the US Nationals and had a shaky preliminary competition. However, her consistency in the finals won her the gold medal in the All-Around, Floor and Uneven Bars.

In October at the 2009 London World Championships, after a shaky preliminary round, Sloan qualified 5th for the all-around and 7th for the uneven bars final. She competed like a champion in the all-around final and won the gold medal over teammate Rebecca Bross by only 0.050. Sloan earned her place in gymnastics history as the fifth American woman to win the World all-around title. In the bars final, she performed a solid routine and placed 6th.

2010

Injuries plagued Bridget throughout the year, greatly limiting her in competitions. An ankle injury early in the year limited her participation in the Pacific Rim Championships to bars. The same injury kept Sloan to the beam at the CoverGirl Classic. A new pectoral injury prevented her from defending her National all-around title. At Nationals she performed two tentative beam routines, one that included a fall, and placed 11th on the apparatus. However, Sloan impressed National Team Coordinator Márta Károlyi with her improvement at the selection camp, and was brought to the World Championships to perform on bars and floor, placing fourth in the bars final.

2011

Sloan sat out the majority of the competitive season while recovering from surgery on her bicep. She stated that it is unlikely she would take part in the 2011 National or World Championships in an effort to stay healthy for the 2012 season, her ultimate goal being the 2012 Olympics.

Although Sloan did not compete in the 2011 National Championships, she later headed to the Karolyi Ranch in New Waverly, Texas, to participate in both selection camps for the 2011 World Championships team. She was subsequently named to the team for the 2011 Pan American Games. She competed only on the uneven bars and floor exercise in Guadalajara, and scored in the thirteens on both apparati. She failed to qualify for either of the event finals, even though on uneven bars it was due to the "two [athletes] per country" rule (Bridgette Caquatto and Shawn Johnson both scored higher than her)

College

Sloan has committed to attend the University of Florida, signing her national letter-of-intent with the Gator Gymnastics team. Sloan will defer enrollment at UF until the 2012 fall semester to allow her to seek her second consecutive spot on the U.S. Olympic team for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Sloan will rejoin 2010 World Championship teammate Mackenzie Caquatto on the Florida team.

Competitive history

Senior Career History

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Year ! Competition Description ! Location ! Apparatus ! Rank-Final ! Score-Final ! Rank-Qualifying ! Score-Qualifying |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | rowspan="2" | World Championships | rowspan="2" | Rotterdam, Netherlands

| Team | style="background:silver;"| 2 | | |- | Uneven Bars | 4 | | | |}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Year ! Competition Description ! Location ! Apparatus ! Rank-Final ! Score-Final ! Rank-Qualifying ! Score-Qualifying |- | rowspan="6" | 2009 || American Cup || Chicago, IL | All around | style="background:silver;"| 2 | 59.600 | |- | rowspan="4" | U.S. Championships | rowspan="4" | Dallas, TX | All Around | style="background:gold;"| 1 | 117.550 | 3 | 57.700 |- | Uneven bars | style="background:gold;"| 1 | 29.450 | 3 | 14.550 |- | Floor exercise | style="background:gold;"| 1 | 29.350 | 3 | 14.300 |- | Balance beam | 5 | 28.850 | 6 | 13.950 |- || World Championships || London, UK | All Around | style="background:gold;"| 1 | 57.825 | 5 | 56.075 |}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Year ! Competition Description ! Location ! Apparatus ! Rank-Final ! Score-Final ! Rank-Qualifying ! Score-Qualifying |- | rowspan="6" | 2008 || Olympic Games || Beijing, China | Team | style="background:silver;"| 2 | 186.525 | 2 | 246.800 |- | rowspan="3" | U.S. Olympic Team Trials | rowspan="3" | Philadelphia, PA | Uneven bars | 8 | 30.100 | | |- | Balance beam | 12 | 29.100 | | |- | Floor exercise | 14 | 28.850 | | |- | rowspan="2" | U.S. Championships | rowspan="2" | Boston, MA | Uneven bars | style="background:#c96;"| 3 | 31.700 | | |- | Balance beam | 7 | 30.600 | | |}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Year ! Competition Description ! Location ! Apparatus ! Rank-Final ! Score-Final ! Rank-Qualifying ! Score-Qualifying |- | rowspan="9" | 2007 | rowspan="4" | U.S. Championships | rowspan="4" | San Jose, CA | Floor exercise | style="background:silver;"| 2 | | | |- | All around | 5 | | | |- | Uneven bars | 5 | | | |- | Balance beam | 10 | | | |- | rowspan="5" | U.S. Classic | rowspan="5" | Battle Creek, MI | All around | style="background:gold;"| 1 | | | |- | Uneven bars | style="background:silver;"| 2 | | | |- | Vault | style="background:#c96;"| 3 | | | |- | Balance beam | style="background:#c96;"| 3 | | | |- | Floor exercise | style="background:#c96;"| 3 (T) | | | |}

Floor music

2008: Araba (Instrumental Version) by Mustafa Sandal

References

External links

Official Website

Sloan on Twitter

Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:American female artistic gymnasts Category:Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Gymnasts at the 2011 Pan American Games Category:Medalists at World Gymnastics Championships Category:Olympic gymnasts of the United States Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States Category:People from Cincinnati, Ohio Category:People from Pittsboro, Indiana Category:Olympic medalists in gymnastics

de:Bridget Sloan es:Bridget Sloan fr:Bridget Sloan it:Bridget Sloan pl:Bridget Sloan pt:Bridget Sloan fi:Bridget Sloan uk:Бріджет Слоун zh:布丽奇特·斯隆

name	Stephen Brunt
birth date	March 20, 1959
birth place	Hamilton, Ontario
occupation	Newspaper Columnist and Sports Broadcaster
gender	Male
credits	''Globe and Mail''
url	}}

Stephen Brunt (born March 20, 1959 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian sports journalist, well known as a leading columnist for ''The Globe and Mail'' and as co-host to Bob McCown on Prime Time Sports.

Journalist

Stephen Brunt started at The Globe as an arts intern in 1982, after attending journalism school at the University of Western Ontario. He then worked in news, covering the 1984 election, and began to write for the sports section in 1985. His 1988 series on negligence and corruption in boxing won him the Michener Award for public service journalism. In 1989, he became a sports columnist.

Awards and Nominations

Nominated for several National Newspaper Awards, Brunt is also the author of seven books. His work ''Facing Ali'', published in 2004, was named one of the ten best sports books of the year by Sports Illustrated. Brunt makes frequent appearances on sports talk radio shows such as Prime Time Sports and Melnick in the Afternoon on the Team 990 in Montreal. He has been the lead sports columnist for ''The Globe and Mail'' since 1989 and was a frequent sports panelist on TVOntario's now-defunct current affairs programme ''Studio 2''.

Home Life

He currently resides with his wife and children in Hamilton, Ontario, spending much of his summer vacation in ''Winterhouse Brook'' Newfoundland.

The Team 1050 Toronto

In 2001, CHUM Radio Network launched an all-sports radio network in major markets across Canada. The flagship station was to be created in Toronto from the previously formatted oldies station CP24 Radio 1050. The Team 1050 was launched on May 7, 2001 at 3pm. In an attempt to compete with the existing all-sports radio station in Toronto, the Fan 590, Jim Waters and long-time sports executive Paul Williams (who launched the Fan 590 and The Score Television Network) worked to lure talent away from the competition. Previously unsuccessful at luring Bob McCown (Fan 590's highest rated show) to The Score Television Network, Williams went after his co-host, Stephen Brunt. Williams and Waters were able to attract quality on-air talent including Paul Romanuk for the morning show, and Jim Van Horne and Stephen Brunt for the afternoon drive slot. Van Horne and Brunt represented roughly a $375,000 investment in annual salaries.

The Team 1050 performed poorly out of the gate, garnering just 0.7% of the male 25 to 49 market share (compared to the Fan 590's 4.6% share in the mornings and 6.4% during the afternoon drive show), which made it difficult to attach a cost to advertising or attracting advertisers. Just one year after launch, ratings showed little improvement with a 0.9% share of the male 25 to 49 demographic. Brunt stepped down as co-host in spring 2002 but was still heard regularly on air until the Team 1050 was cancelled and reverted to an oldies station on August 27, 2002 at 3pm.

It took sometime before Brunt was brought back into the Fan 590 fold as McCown's co-host and foil. Presumably, McCown was perturbed by Brunt's leaving to compete directly against Primetime Sports on the Team 1050. The two appear to have resolved any past issues and are arguably the best Canadian radio personalities on-air today.

To this day when the Team or Brunt's leaving the Fan 590 comes up on the radio, Brunt notes that he did it for the nice cheque, something McCown should understand.

Author

Stephen Brunt has authored several successful books including ''Facing Ali'', ''Gretzky's Tears'' and the #1 Canadian best seller ''Searching for Bobby Orr''.

His other works include: The Way it Looks from Here: Contemporary Canadian Writing on Sports; Mean Business: The Rise and Fall of Shawn O'Sullivan; Second to None: The Roberto Alomar Story (which he famously wrote in a single month) and Diamond Dreams: 20 Years of Blue Jays Baseball

2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics

Torch Relay Controversy

As the CTV-Rogers Olympic consortium won the broadcast rights to the 2010 Winter Olympics, Stephen Brunt became a central journalist leading up to and during the games. A minor controversy arose when it was announced that Brunt would be carrying the Olympic torch in Newfoundland. Brunt was initially singled out by the Toronto Sun and by the Toronto Star as being unethical as a journalist for carrying the torch. When confronted by the question of integrity and ethics of the relay on Primetime Sports, the conversation unfolded as follows:

Brunt “This is a commercial endeavor. The torch relay, God love it, which is going to make people tear up and is a lovely thing, and a way of including people in the Olympic process, is sponsored. And it is corporate and underwritten. And spots were sold as part of the sponsorship package... This is all part of the machinery of the Olympic Games.” :“You don’t see an ethics problem?” asked Bob McCown. :“No,” Brunt said, “because nobody is telling me what to say or what to do.”

The issue quickly subsided as it became clear a wide variety of people were to carry the torch, including 25 other journalists from the Olympic Consortium.

Video Essay: What these Games mean to Canada

Stephen Brunt worked throughout the Olympics writing stories, doing sports radio, and enjoying the games. His work culminated in a video essay which he wrote and performed the voiceover for, which aired just after Canada won Gold in Men's Hockey. The piece was entitled ''What these Games mean to Canada'' and summed up the Canadian experience during the Olympics.

References

Category:Canadian sportswriters Category:Canadian television sportscasters Category:Canadian radio sportscasters Category:People from Hamilton, Ontario Category:University of Western Ontario alumni Category:Living people Category:1959 births Category:The Globe and Mail columnists

}}

Seth Benjamin Wescott (born June 28, 1976) is an American snowboarder. He is a two-time Olympic champion in the snowboard cross.

Life and career

Wescott was born in Durham, North Carolina, and lives in Carrabassett Valley, Maine. His father Jim Wescott was the Track and Cross Country coach at Colby College. His mother Margaret-Gould Wescott teaches at University of Maine at Farmington. Wescott has trained in the mountains near Cordova, Alaska, at times, along with Sugarloaf, in Maine. He began snowboarding at age 7, but had also grown up skiing. In 1989, after competing in both sports for a few years, he stopped skiing to focus mainly on snowboarding. Wescott attended Carrabassett Valley Academy where he studied and trained with fellow Olympians Bode Miller, Jeff Greenwood, Kirsten Clark and Emily Cook. He started out in Sugarloaf USA in Carrabassett Valley, Maine

In his Olympic debut, at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy, Wescott won gold in the snowboard cross as the first Olympic champion in the event. Having won gold, Wescott was invited to meet then president George W. Bush but turned down the offer, citing his opposition to Bush's foreign and domestic policies. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada, Wescott successfully defended his Olympic gold. Wescott, who started off the race in fourth, slowly advanced throughout the field until the end, when he narrowly defeated hometown favorite Mike Robertson on the final jump.

Wescott co-owns The Rack, a restaurant and bar near Sugarloaf that caters food and drinks to skiers and snowboarders.

On February 25, 2010, Wescott appeared on The Colbert Report.

References

See Also

List of professional snowboarders

External links

Seth Wescott on Go211.com – blogs, photos, videos

Official website

NBC Olympics

U.S. Olympic Team bio

AP Winter Games Profile: Seth Wescott

Snowboardcross steals some spotlight from downhill

Category:1976 births Category:American snowboarders Category:Living people Category:Olympic snowboarders of the United States Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States Category:People from Durham, North Carolina Category:People from Franklin County, Maine Category:Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics Category:Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:X-Games athletes Category:Olympic medalists in snowboarding

bg:Сет Уескот ca:Seth Wescott de:Seth Wescott fr:Seth Wescott lt:Seth Wescott nl:Seth Wescott ja:セス・ウェスコット no:Seth Wescott nn:Seth Wescott pl:Seth Wescott pt:Seth Wescott ru:Уэскотт, Сет fi:Seth Wescott sv:Seth Wescott uk:Сет Вескотт